Khahlanong le phetoho ea matla lefatšeng ka bophara le tlhoko e ntlafalitsoeng ea matla, libeteri tsa polokelo ea matla li fetohile ho tloha ho "lisebelisoa tse thusang" ho ea ho "mojari oa mantlha" oa litsamaiso tsa matla, li kenella maemong a fapaneng a tšebeliso ea matla ka matla a ikhethang. Ka tlase ke tlhaloso e khutšoanyane ea boleng ba tsona ba mantlha.
I. Melemo e 5 ea Bohlokoa (Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa li kenyelelitsoe)
1. Matla a Phahameng a Matla le Bophelo ba Potoloho e Telele
- Botenya: Libetri tsa lithium iron phosphate (LFP) tse tloaelehileng: 150-200Wh/kg; libetri tsa lithium tse tharo: tse fetang 250Wh/kg (betri ea lelapa ea 10kWh e lekana hantle le oteropo e nyane).
- Nako ea Bophelo: Libetri tsa LFP li fana ka lipotoloho tse fetang 5,000 (ho boloka bokhoni ba ≥80%, tse ka sebelisoang lilemo tse 13+ ka potoloho e le 'ngoe/ka letsatsi); libeteri tsa indasteri li ka feta lipotoloho tse 10,000 (mohlala, sistimi ea fektheri ea 2MWh e ne e sebetsa lilemo tse 8, lipotoloho tse fetang 2,900, e ntse e le matla a 85%).
2. Ho Ikamahanya le Maemo a Mocheso o Pharaletseng
- Sebaka sa tshebetso: -30℃ ho isa ho 60℃.
- Mefuta ea mocheso o tlase e boloka bokhoni ba ≥80% ho -20℃ (e sebelisoang Siberia bakeng sa -35℃ matla a lapeng); mehlala ea mocheso o phahameng e sebetsa ka botsitso ho 60℃ (e sebelisoa mahoatateng a Bochabela bo Hare bakeng sa arbitrage ea 55℃ ea peak-valley).
3. Polokeho e Phahameng
- Tšireletso e meraro: Thepa (mocheso oa ho bola ha mocheso oa LFP: 800℃ khahlano le 200℃ bakeng sa lithium ea ternary) → Sebopeho (lisele tsa mahe a linotši + lithibelo tsa mollo) → Sistimi (BMS e qala ho tima motlakase ka metsotsoana e 0.1 bakeng sa lintho tse sa tloaelehang).
- Lintlha tsa 2024: Sekhahla sa likotsi tsa mollo malapeng = 0.003% (ka tlase ho karolelano ea lefats'e).
4. Ho Sebetsa ka Botlalo ha Litšenyehelo
- Ho theoha ha litšenyehelo: Ho feta 60% lilemong tse 5; Theko ea yuniti ea LFP ea 2024: < RMB 0.6/Wh (10kWh sistimi ea malapa: ≤ RMB 15,000).
- Puseletso: Malapa a Jeremane (a nang le matla a letsatsi): Lilemo tse 5-7 (€800-1,200/selemo polokelong); basebelisi ba indasteri (tsamaiso ea 1MWh): ~ Lilemo tse 4 (RMB 150,000-200,000/selemo phaello ka arbitrage ea peak-valley).
5. E tala le e ka sebediswang hape
- E fetolela matla a letsatsi/moea a sa khaotseng ho ba matla a tsitsitseng; Sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha thepa ea betri ea LFP: >95%, lithium ea ternary: >90%.
- Bophahamo ba lefats'e ka bophara ba 2024: 12GWh (e lekanang le lithane tse 150,000 tsa phokotso ea khabone), ho latela Molao oa Libetri o Mocha oa EU le lipheo tsa "Khabone e 'Meli" tsa Chaena.
II. Maemo a 4 a Bohlokoa a Ts'ebeliso
1. Lelapa: Ho Itšeha + Maemo a Tšohanyetso
- Tšebeliso ea motho ka mong: Ntlo ea Zhejiang e nang le betri ea letsatsi ea 5kW + 10kWh e khaotsoeng selemo le selemo e sebelisoa ho tloha ho 2,800kWh ho isa ho 800kWh (e bolokiloe >RMB 1,500).
- Tšehetso: Pula ea Europe ea 2024 e ile ea tima: malapa a nang le libeteri a ile a thulana le lihora tse 2 tsa ts'oaetso ha a bapisoa le lihora tse 18 ntle le tsona.
2. Liindasteri le Khoebo: Phokotso ea Litšenyehelo + Ho Latela Melao
- Arbitrage ea tlhōrō-phula: Sistimi ea 2MWh ea fektheri ea Guangdong e fumane >RMB 5,000/ka letsatsi (e bolokile RMB milione e 1.8/ka selemo).
- Taolo ea tlhokeho: Sistimi ea 1.5MWh ea lebenkele la mabenkele la Shanghai e fokolitse tšebeliso ea matla a holimo ho tloha ho 8,000kW ho isa ho 6,500kW (e bolokile >RMB 120,000/khoeli litefisong tsa motheo).
- Matla a ho boloka: E nkela UPS sebaka bakeng sa litsi tsa data/lipetlele (lebelo la ho fetola <0.05s, nako e telele ea ho sebetsa).
3. Lehlakore la Gridi: Ho Beola ka Peak + Kopanyo e Nchafatswang
- Taolo ea tlhoro: Sistimi ea Qinghai Grid ea 1.2GWh e fokolitse ho feto-fetoha ha litheko ho tloha ho ±15% ho isa ho ±5% (2024).
- Ho monya motlakase o ka ntjhafatswang: Betri ya 500MWh ya polasi ya moya ya Gansu e fokotsa sekgahla sa phokotso ho tloha ho 18% ho isa ho 3% (e ekeditswe 200M kWh/selemo).
4. Selefouno sa Kantle: Matla a nkehang habobebe + Pholoso
- Ho hloma liahelo: Mabone/lifriji tsa motlakase tsa 500Wh-2kWh (tse ling li tšehetsa ho tjhaja ka matla a letsatsi).
- Pholoso: Likoloi tse tsamaeang tsa 100kWh-1MWh li sebelisitse thuso ea Turkey ea tšisinyeho ea lefatše ea 2024 ka lihora tse fetang 5,000.
- Mesebetsi e sa sebetseng ka gridi: E nkela dijenereithara tsa disele sebaka merafong/masimong a oli (e fokotsa lerata/tshilafalo).
III. Qetello: Ho Bapisa Melemo le Maemo
- Malapa a beha polokeho pele + maemo a tšohanyetso (mekhoa e menyenyane, e bonolo ho e kenya).
- Basebelisi ba indasteri ba tsepamisa maikutlo holim'a litšenyehelo + bokhoni (litharollo tsa bokhoni bo boholo, tsa bophelo bo bolelele).
- Maemo a gridi/kantle a hloka botsitso + ho ikamahanya le maemo (libetri tsa mocheso o pharaletseng, tse tšepahalang haholo).
Ka ho ntlafala ha betri ea solid-state/sodium-ion, polokelo ea matla e tla atoloha ho ea polokelong ea leoatleng le ho hokahana ha haedrojene. Bakeng sa basebelisi, ho bapisa melemo le litlhoko tsa maemo ke senotlolo sa ho notlolla boleng ba eona.
Ho Ulipower, re tsepamisa maikutlo libetering tsa polokelo ea matla tse mocheso o tlase—tse tsamaellanang le melemo ea mantlha ea "ho ikamahanya le maemo mochesong o pharaletseng" ea litsamaiso tsa polokelo ea matla. Hore na o hloka:
- Libetri tsa LiFePO₄ tse nang le mokotlana/prismatic bakeng sa maemo a leholimo a batang: Li ntlafalitsoe hore li sebetse ka mokhoa o tšepahalang ho -30℃ ~ 60℃, li boloka bokhoni ba ≥80% ho -20℃—li loketse polokelo ea ntlo ea Siberia, motlakase oa tšohanyetso oa kantle oa latitude e phahameng, kapa tšehetso ea indasteri sebakeng sa leqhoa.
- Litlhaloso tse ikhethileng: Bokgoni ho tloha ho 1Ah (polokelo ea kantle e nkehang habobebe) ho isa ho 100Ah+ (litsamaiso tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng tsa indasteri/khoebo), tse etselitsoeng litlhoko tsa hau tsa motlakase (mohlala, litlhophiso tsa malapa tsa 10kWh kapa polokelo e thusang ea gridi ea sebaka se batang).
Libetri tsa rona li sebelisa matla a LiFePO₄—polokeho e phahameng (ho bola ha mocheso ka 800℃), bophelo ba potoloho ea 5,000+—ho atleha maemong a thata, ho matlafatsa li-EV tsa sebakeng se batang, polokelo ea kantle ea gridi, le ho hoamisa bekapo ea indasteri.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-12-2025
